Everything about Paul Painlev totally explained
Paul Painlevé (
December 5,
1863–
October 29,
1933) was a
French mathematician and politician. He served twice as
Prime Minister of the
Third Republic:
September 12–
November 13,
1917 and
April 17–
November 22,
1925.
Early life
Painlevé was born in
Paris.
Brought up within a family of skilled artisans (his father was a
draughtsman) Painlevé showed early promise across the range of elementary studies and was initially attracted by either an
engineering or political career. However, he finally entered the
École Normale Supérieure in
1883 to study
mathematics, receiving his doctorate in
1887 following a period of study at
Göttingen,
Germany with
Felix Klein and
Hermann Amandus Schwarz. Intending an academic career he became professor at
Lille, returning to
Paris in
1892 to teach at the
Sorbonne,
École Polytechnique and later at the
College de France and the
École Normale Supérieure. He was elected a member of the
Académie des Sciences in
1900. These new transcendental functions, solving the remaining six equations, are called the
Painlevé transcendents, and interest in them has revived recently due to their appearance in modern geometry and high-energy physics.
In the nineteen twenties, Painlevé briefly turned his attention to the new theory of gravitation,
general relativity, which had recently been introduced by
Albert Einstein. In 1921, Painlevé proposed the
Gullstrand-Painlevé coordinates for the
Schwarzschild metric. The modification in the coordinate system was the first to reveal clearly that the
Schwarzschild radius is a mere
coordinate singularity (with however, profound global significance: it represents the
event horizon of a
black hole). This essential point wasn't generally appreciated by physicists until around
1963. In his diary,
Harry Graf Kessler recorded that during a later visit to
Berlin, Painlevé discussed
pacifist international politics with Einstein, but it's apparently not known whether he attempted to explain to Einstein the true significance of the Schwarzschild radius.
First period as French Prime Minister
Painlevé took his aviation interests, along with those in naval and military matters, with him when he became, in
1906, Deputy for
Paris's
Ve arrondissement, the so-called
Latin Quarter. By
1910, he'd vacated his academic posts and
World War I led to his active participation in military committees, joining
Aristide Briand's cabinet in
1915 as Minister for Public Instruction and Inventions.
On
September 7 1917, Prime Minister
Alexandre Ribot lost the support of the
Socialists and Painlevé was called upon to form a new government.
Later political career
Following Painlevé's resignation,
Briand formed a new government with Painlevé as Minister for War. Though
Briand was defeated by
Raymond Poincaré in
1926, Painlevé continued in office.
Poincaré stabilised the franc with a return to the
gold standard, but ultimately acceded power to
Briand.
During his tenure as Minister of War, Painlevé was instrumental in the creation of the
Maginot Line. This line of military fortifications along France's Eastern border was largely designed by Painlevé, yet named for
André Maginot, owing to Maginot's championing of public support and funding. Painlevé remained in office as Minister for War until July
1929.
Though he was proposed for
President of France in
1932, Painlevé withdrew before the election. He became Minister of Air later that year, making proposals for an international treaty to ban the manufacture of bomber aircraft and to establish an international air force to enforce global peace. On the fall of the government in January
1933, his political career ended.
He died in
Paris in October of the same year.
Painlevé is now buried at the Panthéon.
Honours
The aircraft carrier
Painlevé was named in his honour.
Changes'
September 27, 1917 - Henry Franklin-Bouillon enters the ministry as Minister of State.
October 23, 1917 - Louis Barthou succeeds Ribot as Minister of Foreign Affairs
Paul Painlevé - President of the Council and Minister of War
Aristide Briand - Minister of Foreign Affairs
Abraham Schrameck - Minister of the Interior
Joseph Caillaux - Minister of Finance
Antoine Durafour - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions
Théodore Steeg - Minister of Justice
Émile Borel - Minister of Marine
Anatole de Monzie - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts.
Louis Antériou - Minister of Pensions
Jean Durand - Minister of Agriculture
Orly André-Hesse - Minister of Colonies
Pierre Laval - Minister of Public Works
Charles Chaumet - Minister of Commerce and Industry
Changes
October 11 1925 - Anatole de Monzie succeeds Steeg as Minister of Justice. Yvon Delbos succeeds Monzie as Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts.
Paul Painlevé - President of the Council and Minister of Finance
Aristide Briand - Minister of Foreign Affairs
Édouard Daladier - Minister of War
Abraham Schrameck - Minister of the Interior
Georges Bonnet - Minister of Budget
Antoine Durafour - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions
Camille Chautemps - Minister of Justice
Émile Borel - Minister of Marine
Yvon Delbos - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
Louis Antériou - Minister of Pensions
Jean Durand - Minister of Agriculture
Léon Perrier - Minister of Colonies
Anatole de Monazie - Minister of Public Works
Charles Daniel-Vincent - Minister of Commerce and IndustryFurther Information
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